IMPACTO SOCIAL DE LA MINERÍA: UNA COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LAS PERCEPCIONES DE LA EMPRESA Y DE LA COMUNIDAD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v17i3.42618Palabras clave:
Evaluación de impacto social; minería; comunidad local; riesgo social; percepción de los impactos socialesResumen
El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la percepción de una comunidad sobre los impactos sociales de un proyecto minero y la percepción de la empresa responsable del proyecto. Los instrumentos para lograr esto fueron la Evaluación de Impacto Social propuesta por Aledo y Domínguez-Gómez (2018) y la categorización propuesta de los impactos mineros de Mancini y Sala (2018). La metodología incluyó entrevistas y dos talleres con representantes de la empresa minera y la comunidad. Los resultados de la encuesta muestran que el proceso de selección de impactos de la compañía se enfoca en los más inmediatos, a menudo sesgados a los negocios, asociados con la ausencia e ineficiencia del gobierno para apoyar proyectos de desarrollo local. La opinión de la comunidad, sin embargo, avanza más allá de los impactos más inmediatos, como el suministro y la calidad del agua y la caída de la producción agrícola, hacia cuestiones subjetivas y culturales asociadas con los procesos de cambio. Se infiere que la visión parcial de los impactos de la empresa debilita la estrategia de los proyectos sociales compensatorios. Los problemas más profundos asociados con los impactos, como la pérdida del sentimiento colectivo y el impacto del proceso migratorio en la severidad de los lazos familiares, no se tienen en cuenta en la elección e implementación de proyectos en la comunidad.
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