Conhecimento dos discentes sobre cuidados paliativos na graduação de enfermagem

Juliana Cardoso Feitoza Manso; Aline Mayra Lopes Silva; Rubens Nunes Veras Filho; Deborah Pedrosa Moreira; Ana Kelvia Oliveira Rodrigues Pontes; Aline de Souza Pereira; Carla Monique Lopes Mourão

doi:10.15253/2175-6783.20242593678

Autores

Juliana Cardoso Feitoza Manso Centro Universitário Christus https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7762-5400
Aline Mayra Lopes Silva Centro Regional Integrado de Oncologia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-6523
Rubens Nunes Veras Filho Centro Universitário Christus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-6832
Deborah Pedrosa Moreira Centro Universitário Christus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-2479
Ana Kelvia Oliveira Rodrigues Pontes Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-5222
Aline de Souza Pereira Centro Universitário Christus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-5987
Carla Monique Lopes Mourão Centro Universitário Christus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-4326

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20242593678

Palavras-chave:

Cuidados Paliativos; Enfermagem; Ensino; Estudantes de Enfermagem.

Resumo

Objetivo: compreender o conhecimento na graduação sobre cuidados paliativos dos discentes de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado em uma Instituição de Educação Superior privada com 16 graduandos do 9º e 10º semestre do curso de enfermagem. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, gravadas em arquivos de áudio em um smartphone e, posteriormente, transcritas. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias temáticas principais: conhecimento dos discentes sobre cuidados paliativos; papel do enfermeiro no cuidado ao paciente que enfrenta uma doença ameaçadora à vida e sua família; abordagem dos cuidados paliativos na graduação de enfermagem; fragilidade emocional para lidar com pacientes em fim de vida. Conclusão: identificou-se que os participantes possuem um entendimento parcial sobre cuidados paliativos, concentrando-se principalmente nos aspectos relacionados ao conforto e à qualidade de vida dos pacientes terminais. Contribuições para a prática: destacam-se lacunas no conhecimento sobre a assistência paliativa entre estudantes de enfermagem, sublinhando a necessidade de enriquecer currículos educacionais. Ressalta-se também a importância do suporte emocional e desenvolvimento de resiliência, incentivando melhorias na formação acadêmica e em práticas profissionais em cuidados paliativos.

Referências

Sánchez-Cárdenas AM, León-Delgado MX, Vargas-Escobar LM, Medina SEM, Florian PMB, Fonseca DA, et al. Palliative care national plan implementation through stakeholder analysis. BMC Palliat Care. 2024;23(1):163. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12904-024-01427-1

Castro MCF, Fuly PSC, Santos MLSC, Chagas MC. Total pain and comfort theory: implications in the care to patients in oncology palliative care. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2021;42:e20200311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200311

Sanders JJ, Temin S, Ghoshal A, AlesiER, Ali ZV, Chauhan C, et al. Palliative care for patients with cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(19):2336-57. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.24.00542

Tween S, Smith RW, Chamberlain C, Gibbins J. Hospice inpatient care models: cross-sectional inequality survey. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2024;2:spcare-2024-005019. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2024-005019

Camargo SCV, Makuch DMV, Ogradowski KRP, Osternack KT. Marcos de competência para a formação de enfermeiros no Brasil: revisão de escopo. Espaç Saúde. 2024;25:e1000. doi: https://doi.org/10.22421/1517-7130/es.2024v25.e1000

Carter SM, Shih P, Williams J, Degeling C, Mooney-Somers J. Conducting qualitative research online: challenges and solutions. Patient. 2021;14(6):711-18. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40271-021-00528-w

Wicke N. Content analysis in the research field of science communication. In: Oehmer-Pedrazzi F, Kessler SH, Humprecht E, Sommer K, Castro L. (eds) Standardisierte Inhaltsanalyse in der Kommunikationswissenschaft – standardized content analysis in communication research. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36179-2_35

Volpin MC, Ferreira EL, Eduardo AA, Bombarda TB. Teaching about palliative care in health courses: perceptions of professors at a federal university. Res Soc Develop. 2022;11(16):e83111637728. doi: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37728

Ryan S, Wong J, Chow R, Zimmermann C. Evolving definitions of palliative care: upstream migration or confusion? Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2020;21(3):20. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-0716-4

Temel JS, Jackson VA, El-Jawahri A, Rinaldi SP, Petrillo LA, Kumar P, et al. Stepped palliative care for patients with advanced lung cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024; 332(6):471-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.10398

Farrow KA, Neff DF. Bereavement care team: improving ICU Nurses’ professional bereavement and patient family experience. Nurs Adm Q. 2024;48(2):97-106. doi: http://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000634

Gerlach C, Mai SS, Schmidtmann I, Weber M. Palliative care in undergraduate medical education - consolidation of the learning contents of palliative care in the final academic year. GMS J Med Educ. 2021;38(6):103-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.3205/zma001499

Ekberg S, Parry R, Land V, Ekberg K, Pino M, Antaki C, et al. Communicating with patients and families about illness progression and end of life: a review of studies using direct observation of clinical practice. BMC Palliat Care. 2021;20(1):186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-021-00876-2

Alves Jr VD, Fonseca SR, Gutterres DB, Souza MCA. Cuidados paliativos: conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem e em medicina. Rev Saúde. 2019;10(2):7-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21727/rs.v10i2.1744

Bueno AA, Evangelista RA, Potrich T, Figueredo LP, Silva CCR, Silva GTR, et al. Overview of nursing ethics teaching in Brazilian public higher education institutions. Rev Bras Enferm. 2023:76(suppl3):e20220808. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0808pt

Pointon S, Collins A, Philip J. Introducing palliative care in advanced cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2024;2:spcare-2023-004442. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2023-004442

Silva CO, Rufino CG, Souza P, Pinheiro PMRM, Rodrigues AO. Systematization of nursing care for cancer patients in palliative care: from a referential point of view on Callista Roy adaptation theory. Rev Recien. 2020:10(31):155-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2020.10.31.155-164

Yoong SQ, Wang W, Seah ACW, Kumar N, Gan JON, Schmidt LT, et al. Nursing students’ experiences with patient death and palliative and end-of-life care: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;69:103625. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103625

Boland JW, Brown MEL, Duenas A, Finn GM, Gibbins J. How effective is undergraduate palliative care teaching for medical students? A systematic literature review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e036458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036458

Santos DJ, Souza AC, Villar JC, Barbosa LD, Vasconcelos TF, Bolela F. Final-year nursing students’ knowledge of palliative care. Rev Enferm Digit Cuid Promoç Saúde. 2022;7:1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.5935/2446-5682.20220166

Dominguez RGS, Freire ASV, Lima, CFM, Campos NAS. Palliative care: challenges for teaching in the perception of nursing and medical students. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2021;35:e38750. doi: https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v35.38750

Hasegawa T, Ochi T, Yamagishi A, Akechi T, Urakubo A, Sugishita A, et al. Quality indicators for integrating oncology and home palliative care in Japan: modified Delphi study. Support Care Cancer. 2024;32(7):476. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-024-08684-z

Sánchez-Cárdenas MA, Tibaquirá CAN, Mantilla-Manosalva N, Fonseca DA, Morales AM, Delgado MXL. Palliative care education in undergraduate medical and nursing programs in Colombia: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Palliat Care. 2024;23(1):149. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12904-024-01477-5

Akduran F, Karaca A, Eroglu SA. Effects of the supportive care needs of patients with cancer on their comfort levels. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2024;30(6):295-306.doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.6.295

Zhu Y, Bai Y, Wang A, Liu Y, Gao Q, Zeng Z. Effects of a death education based on narrative pedagogy in a palliative care course among Chinese nursing students. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1194460. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194460

Balboni TA. Spirituality in advanced cancer: implications for care in oncologic emergencies. Ann Palliat Med. 2024;13(3):568-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-23-40