ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO MESOZÓICO MUNDIAL: DISTRIBUIÇÃO CRONOBIOGEOGRÁFICA
Palavras-chave:
Arqueobatrachia. Neobatrachia. Salientia. Jurássico. CretáceoResumo
Um novo levantamento dos registros fósseis de anuros de todo o Mesozóico Mundial fornece uma sinopse cronobiogeográfica atualizada, tantos Laurásicos quanto Gondwânicos, começando no Eojurássico até o final do Neocretáceo. Esse novo levantamento tem como objetivo em detectar a distribuição cronológica e geográfica dos fósseis de anuros em todos os continentes. A pesquisa buscou a primeira publicação de artigo, com tema referência a anura, em 1887 até o ano de 2016, consultando periódicos em revistas especializadas e capítulos de livros, buscando dados estratigráficos, cronobiogeográficos, paleontológicos de anfíbios fósseis do Brasil e do Mesozóico Mundial. O primeiro inventário realizado contabilizou oito espécies do Jurássico e 36 espécies do Cretáceo, totalizando 44 espécies descritas. O segundo inventário realizado contabilizou apenas espécies fósseis do Cretáceo, totalizando 41 espécies descritas. O terceiro inventário realizado contabilizou os fósseis encontrados no supercontinente Laurásia, registrando quatro espécies do Jurássico e 35 espécies do Cretáceo, totalizando 39 espécies descritas. Neste trabalho o novo senso contabilizou 72 espécies descritas para o Mesozóico Mundial, sendo oito espécies do Jurássico e 64 espécies no Cretáceo. No período Júrassico o registro fóssil de anuros verdadeiros fica restrito apenas no Eojurássico (Pliensbachiano) com oito espécies fósseis de archeobatrachios descritas. Enquanto no Cretáceo, a Ordem Anura se ramificou ainda mais com o aparecimento de novas famílias de archeobatrachios e o surgimento dos neobatrachios, totalizando em torno de 64 espécies descritas. A distribuição cronogeográfica mostra que os anuros estavam presentes na Laurásia no Jurássico. O Cretáceo observa-se uma ocorrência de fósseis em regiões mais equatoriais que possivelmente ofertava novos ambientes que contribuiu na maior ocorrência de anuros. Com base nos dados obtidos conclui-se que a deriva continental juntamente com as transgressões marinhas favoreceu na criação de novos habitats, promovendo a especiação alopátrica e possivelmente contribuiu da diversificação atual da anurofauna no globo.
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